This update is all about the Italian animal texts. There are are four of them; two are bestiaries, two are other moralized texts. An index to the four new or newly expanded encyclopedia articles can be found on the Italian Animal Texts page.

The four texts are:

An additional text, based on the Tuscan Bestiary. is the Catalan Bestiary.

This update took a lot of research to find the manuscripts and other references. Once again, institutes seem to to be determined to hide their resources, but I persisted, often going down a rabbit hole of links to links to links, sometimes finding a rabbit at the end, sometimes finding nothing but an empty chamber. It didn’t help that I have only a vague grasp of Italian, particularly the medieval dialects. Fortunately, Google Translate has gotten pretty good at handling the more common languages. Not so much the medieval variants: most of the translations I tried of those were gibberish.

Also in this update are the usual fixes and corrections, particularly in the bibliography, which was something of a mess. Also more manuscripts and images, more information for some beasts, and other goodies you can find for yourself.

Special thanks to Alberto Pino Blanco, who has been sending me a stream of useful links and other information. He maintains interesting web site, El Bestiario del Hypogripho Dorado, with a different focus than my site.