The leopard is the illicit offspring of a lion (leo) and a pard. In Africa leopards crouch in trees and hidden by their boughs leap down on to animals passing by. Leopards cannot tolerate garlic and will flee from its smell. Their fur is covered in black spots.

The Tuscan Bestiary says that if the leopard does not capture its prey with a single leap, it gives up the pursuit, though if it is very hungry it will continue with a third or fourth leap. If it eats poisonous food it purges itself by eating human dung. If it is ill, it can cure itself by drinking the blood of a wild goat.

A leopard in heraldry can indicate that the first bearer of the arms was born from adultery. Nicholas Upton, a fifteenth century writer on heraldry, said that the "Leopard ys a most cruell beeste engendered wilfully of a Lion and a beeste called a Parde" and advises that it is to be painted with "his whole face shewed abroad openly to the lookers on." The arms of Richard the Lion Heart had three gold leopards after 1198, a possible allusion to his grandfather, William the Conqueror, also known as "the Bastard." The thirteenth century Sir Nicholas de Cauntelo had a "Leopard's Face Jessant de Lys" on his arms, so-called because the face is combined with a fleur-de-lis.